Assess postural instability early and in concurrence with patient complaints.
May assist in identifying patients with balance impairments before they experience a fall.
Less than 5 minutes
Adult
18 - 64
yearsElderly Adult
65 +
yearsInitially reviewed byJulie Gupta, PT, DPT in 9/2011
Recommendations for use of the instrument from the Neurology Section of the American Physical Therapy Association’s Multiple Sclerosis Taskforce (MSEDGE), Parkinson’s Taskforce (PD EDGE), Spinal Cord Injury Taskforce (PD EDGE), Stroke Taskforce (StrokEDGE), Traumatic Brain Injury Taskforce (TBI EDGE), and Vestibular Taskforce (Vestibular EDGE) are listed below. These recommendations were developed by a panel of research and clinical experts using a modified Delphi process.
For detailed information about how recommendations were made, please visit:
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Abbreviations: |
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HR |
Highly Recommend |
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R |
Recommend |
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LS / UR |
Reasonable to use, but limited study in target group / Unable to Recommend |
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NR |
Not Recommended |
Recommendations Based on Parkinson Disease Hoehn and Yahr stage:
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I |
II |
III |
IV |
V |
|
PD EDGE |
LS/UR |
R |
R |
R |
LS/UR |
Recommendations for entry-level physical therapy education and use in research:
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Students should learn to administer this tool? (Y/N) |
Students should be exposed to tool? (Y/N) |
Appropriate for use in intervention research studies? (Y/N) |
Is additional research warranted for this tool (Y/N) |
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PD EDGE |
No |
No |
Yes |
Not reported |
Do you see an error or have a suggestion for this instrument summary? Please e-mail us!
Parkinson’s Disease:
(Jacobs et al., 2006; n = 69 PD and 69 control participants; PD participants mean age = 67 (12) years; mean disease duration 10 (6) years; mean UPDRS score = 24 (12) points)
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Descriptive Statistics for Each Balance Test by Group and Trial |
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Balance Test: |
First Trial Mean (SD); Median (Range) |
Third Trial Mean (SD); Median (Range) |
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Subjects with PD (n = 69) |
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Push & Release Test |
2.10 (1.16); 2 (0-4) |
1.66 (1.23); 2 (0-4) |
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Pull Test |
1.24 (0.89); 1 (0-4) |
0.85 (0.89); 0 (0-4) |
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Pull Test (P&R Scale) |
1.76 (1.27); 1 (0-4) |
1.09 (1.19); 1 (0-4) |
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Control Subjects (n = 69)
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Push & Release Test |
0.63(0.74); 0 (0-3) |
0.50 (0.73); 0 (0-3) |
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Pull Test |
0.42 (0.53); 0 (0-2) |
0.17 (0.38); 0 (0-1) |
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Pull Test (P&R Scale) |
0.65 (0.78); 0 (0-3) |
0.33 (0.59); 0 (0-2) |
Parkinson’s Disease:
(Jacobs et al, 2006)
Parkinson’s Disease:
(Jacobs et al, 2006)
Parkinson's Disease:
(Volkovic et al., 2008; n = 82 subjects with Parkinson’s Disease: 36 fallers and 46 non-fallers; mean age = 65.1(9.3) years for fallers and 62.4(8.8) for non-fallers)
Sensitivity: Push and Release Test vs. Pull Test
On State 75.0% vs. 69.4%
Specificity: Push and Release Test vs. Pull Test
Off State 84.8% vs. 97.8%
On State 97.8% vs. 82.6%
Jacobs, J. V., Horak, F. B., et al. (2006). "An alternative clinical postural stability test for patients with Parkinson's disease." J Neurol 253(11): 1404-1413.
Valkovic, P., Brozova, H., et al. (2008). "Push-and-release test predicts Parkinson fallers and nonfallers better than the pull test: comparison in OFF and ON medication states." Mov Disord 23(10): 1453-1457.
We have reviewed more than 500 instruments for use with a number of diagnoses including stroke, spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury among several others.