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Pressure Ulcers: (Bates-Jensen et al, 2012)

• BWAT Minimal Severity Scores 13-20
• BWAT Mild Severity Scores 21-30
• BWAT Moderate Severity Scores 31-40
• BWAT Critical Severity Scores 41-65

Mixed Population: (Bates-Jensen, Vredevoe & Brecht, 1992; n = 10; Mean Age = 67 [32-83]; Total Pressure Sores Assessed = 20; Retest Time = 1.5 hours; Medical-surgical patients in acute care hospital with pressure ulcers)

• Excellent interrater reliability for total score (ICC = .91 at Time 1 and ICC = .92 at Time 2)
• Excellent intrarater reliability for PSST total score (ICC = .99 for Rater 1 and .96 for Rater 2)

Mixed Population: (Bates-Jensen & McNees, 1995; n = 16)

• Adequate interrater and intrarater reliability with pressure ulcers (ICC = 0.78 and 0.89) among a multidisciplinary group (PTs, LPNs, RNs) in the long-term care setting

Mixed population (Bates-Jensen et al., 2019; n = 1161 observations from nursing home residents, based on twelve wound assessment items)

• Adequate interrater reliability for total BWAT item score, single observer (ICC = .58), ( .84 mean rating of observers)
• Adequate interrater reliability for depth, single observer (ICC = .47), (.78 mean rating of observers)
• Poor interrater reliability for edges, single observer (ICC = .38), (.71 mean rating of observers)
• Adequate interrater reliability for undermining, single observer (ICC = .62), (.81 mean rating of observers)
• Poor interrater reliability for necrotic tissue type, single observer (ICC = .38), (.71 mean rating of observers)
• Poor interrater reliability for necrotic tissue amount, single observer (ICC = .37), (.70 mean rating of observers)
• Adequate interrater reliability for exudate type, single observer (ICC = .44), (.76 mean rating of observers)
• Adequate interrater reliability for exudate amount, single observer (ICC = .42), (.75 mean rating of observers)
• Adequate interrater reliability for skin color surrounding wound, single observer (ICC = .54), (.83 mean  rating of observers)
• Poor interrater reliability for peripheral tissue edema, single observer (ICC = .08), (.26 mean rating of observers)
• Adequate interrater reliability for peripheral tissue induration, single observer (ICC = .42), (.75 mean rating of observers)
• Adequate interrater reliability for granulation tissue, single observer (ICC = .47), (.78 mean rating of observers)
• Adequate interrater reliability for epithelialization, single observer (ICC = .50), (.80 mean rating of observers)

Mixed Population (Karahan et al., 2014; Turkish sample)

• Statistically significant relationship between wound care nurse experts and staff nurses (?² = 1691.08; p < .001)

Pressure Ulcers: (Bates-Jensen, 1997; n = 113)

• All 13 items on the PSST correlated with the total PSST.

Mixed population (Karahan et al., 2014; Turkish sample)

• Excellent Cronbach¡¯s alpha = .85

Concurrent validity:

Mixed Population: (Houghton et al, 2000; n = 46; Pressure and leg ulcers from patients in long-term care)

• Excellent correlations of the 13-item PSST bedside assessment with the Photographic Wound Assessment Tool (PWAT) (r = 0.70)
   

Pressure Ulcers: (Bates-Jensen, 1997; n = 496 wounds assessed (Stage I [n = 23], Stage II [n = 211], Stage III [n = 195], Stage IV [n = 67]); Subset of individuals testing a computerized version of the PSST included in the WIS)

• Adequate correlations between PSST total score and NPUAP stage score (r = 0.55, p = 0.001).

Pressure Ulcers: (Houghton et al, 2000; n = 46; Chronic ulcers)

• High concurrent validity with the PWAT

Predictive validity

Mixed Population: (Bates-Jensen, 1998; n = 143 (partial thickness [n = 51], full thickness [n = 92]; Mean Age = 64.9 (18.03) years; Adults with at least three PSST assessments over a six-week period)

• Excellent predictive validity for BWAT of 50% healing, as measured by surface area. Changes at 1 week in wound surface area were predictive of those wounds that achieved 50% healing during the six weeks monitored.
• Excellent predictive validity for BWAT in 1-week net decrease (improvement) in score plus a decrease in surface area was the best predictor of time to 50% wound closure

Pressure Ulcers: (Bates-Jensen et al., 2019; n = 305 pressure ulcers from nursing home residents; Mean Age = 78 (14) years)

• Initial BWAT score was a statistically significant predictor of pressure injury duration (less than 3 weeks vs. 3 weeks or greater) at the trunk (Wald ?² = 47.1, p < .001)
• Initial BWAT score was a statistically significant predictor of resolved vs. persistent heel pressure injury damage (Wald ?² = 83.75, p < .001)

Convergent Validity

Mixed Population: (Gardner, 2005; n = 32; Mean Age = 79.5 (15.60) years) 

• Excellent convergent validity between the PSST and the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) at Week 1 (r = 0.72, n = 32), Week 2 (r = 0.76, n =32), Week 3 (r = 0.89, n = 26), Week 4 (r = 0.90, n = 24) and Week 5 (r = 0.95, n = 20)

Discriminant Validity

Pressure Ulcers: (Bates-Jensen & McNees, 1996; n = 15; Mean Years of Experience = 11.5)

• Adequate ability to discriminate between partial and full-thickness NPUAP stage (r = 0.55)

Pressure Ulcers: (Bates-Jensen, 1992; n = 20; Chronic ulcers)

• Items were selected based by a nine-member expert judge panel.
• The content of validity index (0.91) and judges¡¯ comments were used to modify two items on the PSST. Items were considered to be relevant and valid with a CVI of at least 0.78.

Pressure Ulcers (Karahan et al., 2014; Turkish sample)

• Ten experts with experience in wound care evaluated BWAT items.
• The content of validity index (0.82), based on agreement rate of expert ratings, led to revision of eight items. Items were declared appropriate and valid with a minimum item index of > 0.80.

Spinal Cord Injury: (Bates-Jensen et al., 2009; n = 24; Mean Age = 55.7 [31-77] years; Mean Time since SCI = 20.5; Mean Number of Ulcers = 1.21; Male veterans with spinal cord injury and recurrent pressure ulcers)

• Mean Total Score = 33.63 (8.44)