The Donovan classification scheme classifies pain after Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) according to one of five pain types: segmental nerve/cauda equina, spinal cord, visceral, mechanical, and psychogenic.
5
5-15 minutes
Adult
18 - 64
yearsInitially reviewed by Rachel Tappan, PT, NCS; Eileen Tseng, PT, DPT, NCS; and the SCI EDGE task force of the Neurology Section of the APTA in 3/2012
Recommendations for use of the instrument from the Neurology Section of the American Physical Therapy Association’s Multiple Sclerosis Taskforce (MSEDGE), Parkinson’s Taskforce (PD EDGE), Spinal Cord Injury Taskforce (PD EDGE), Stroke Taskforce (StrokEDGE), Traumatic Brain Injury Taskforce (TBI EDGE), and Vestibular Taskforce (Vestibular EDGE) are listed below. These recommendations were developed by a panel of research and clinical experts using a modified Delphi process.
For detailed information about how recommendations were made, please visit:
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Abbreviations: |
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HR |
Highly Recommend |
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R |
Recommend |
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LS / UR |
Reasonable to use, but limited study in target group / Unable to Recommend |
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NR |
Not Recommended |
Recommendations for use based on acuity level of the patient:
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Acute (CVA < 2 months post) (SCI < 1 month post) (Vestibular < 6 months post) |
Subacute (CVA 2 to 6 months) (SCI 3 to 6 months) |
Chronic (> 6 months) |
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SCI EDGE |
NR |
NR |
NR |
Recommendations based on SCI AIS Classification:
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AIS A/B |
AIS C/D |
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SCI EDGE |
NR |
NR |
Recommendations for entry-level physical therapy education and use in research:
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Students should learn to administer this tool? (Y/N) |
Students should be exposed to tool? (Y/N) |
Appropriate for use in intervention research studies? (Y/N) |
Is additional research warranted for this tool (Y/N) |
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SCI EDGE |
No |
No |
No |
Not reported |
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Chronic SCI:
(Putzke et al, 2003; n = 28; mean age = 45.5(10.02) years; mean time post-SCI = 10.3(7.20) years; 79% motor complete/AIS A and B, 21% motor incomplete/AIS C and D)
Chronic SCI:
(Richards et al, 2002; n = 28; mean age = 45.5(10.02) years; mean time post-SCI = 10.3(7.20) years; 79% motor complete/AIS A and B, 21% motor incomplete/AIS C and D)
Donovan, W. H., Dimitrijevic, M. R., et al. (1982). "Neurophysiological approaches to chronic pain following spinal cord injury." Paraplegia 20(3): 135-146.
Putzke, J. D., Richards, J. S., et al. (2003). "Test-retest reliability of the Donovan spinal cord injury pain classification scheme." Spinal Cord 41(4): 239-241.
Richards, J. S., Hicken, B. L., et al. (2002). "Reliability characteristics of the Donovan spinal cord injury pain classification system." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 83(9): 1290-1294.
We have reviewed more than 500 instruments for use with a number of diagnoses including stroke, spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury among several others.