EQ-5D? is a standardized instrument for use as a measure of health for clinical and economic appraisal.
6
Less than 5 minutes
Initially reviewed by Sue Saliga, PT, PHSc, CEEAA and the TBI EDGE task force of the Neurology Section of the APTA in 10/2012
Updated by Rie Yoshida and Heather Anderson of the StrokEDGE II task force of the Neurology Section of the APTA in 2016.
Recommendations for use of the instrument from the Neurology Section of the American Physical Therapy Association’s Multiple Sclerosis Taskforce (MSEDGE), Parkinson’s Taskforce (PD EDGE), Spinal Cord Injury Taskforce (PD EDGE), Stroke Taskforce (StrokEDGE), Traumatic Brain Injury Taskforce (TBI EDGE), and Vestibular Taskforce (Vestibular EDGE) are listed below. These recommendations were developed by a panel of research and clinical experts using a modified Delphi process.
For detailed information about how recommendations were made, please visit:
Abbreviations: |
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HR | Highly Recommend |
R | Recommend |
LS / UR | Reasonable to use, but limited study in target group / Unable to Recommend |
NR | Not Recommended |
Recommendations for use based on acuity level of the patient:
| Acute (CVA < 2 months post) (SCI < 1 month post) (Vestibular < 6 months post) | Subacute (CVA 2 to 6 months) (SCI 3 to 6 months) | Chronic (> 6 months) |
StrokEDGE | NR | R | R |
Recommendations based on level of care in which the assessment is taken:
| Acute Care | Inpatient Rehabilitation | Skilled Nursing Facility | Outpatient Rehabilitation | Home Health |
StrokEDGE | NR | R | R | R | R |
TBI EDGE | NR | LS | NR | LS | LS |
Recommendations for use based on ambulatory status after brain injury:
| Completely Independent | Mildly dependant | Moderately Dependant | Severely Dependant |
TBI EDGE | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Recommendations for entry-level physical therapy education and use in research:
| Students should learn to administer this tool? (Y/N) | Students should be exposed to tool? (Y/N) | Appropriate for use in intervention research studies? (Y/N) | Is additional research warranted for this tool (Y/N) |
StrokEDGE | No | Yes | Yes | Not reported |
TBI EDGE | No | Yes | Yes | Not reported |
EuroQOL translations:
Other languages available at
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Traumatic Brain Injury: (Van Agt et al., n=208; mean age=49.3 (18.3); gender=43.3% female; Dutch population)
Traumatic Brain Injury: (Klose et al.; n=104; mean age=41; gender=male n=78)
Traumatic Brain Injury: (Bell et al, 2005; n=171; telephone intervention n=85 and standard follow up n=86; mean age = 36 (15)
General population (British sample): (Brazier et al, 1993; n=1463; age range=16-74; male gender=655)
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Traumatic Brain Injury (moderate and severe): (Bell et al, 2005; n =171; telephone intervention n=85 and standard follow up n=86; mean age =36 (15)
General Population (British sample): (Brazier et al., n=1453; visited general practitioner in previous 2 weeks, attended outpatient in previous 3 months, inpatient in previous year, chronic physical health problem)
General population (British sample): (Brazier et al, 1993; n=1463; age range=16-74; male gender=655)
Domains | % at ceiling | % at floor |
Mobility | 97.0 | 0.1 |
Self-Care | 99.1 | 0.1 |
Main Activity | 96.5 | 3.5 |
Family/leisure | 95.2 | 4.8 |
Pain/discomfort | 64.1 | 1.9 |
Anxiety/depression | 81.1 | 29.9 |
Total Score | 54.6 | 0 |
(Chen et al, 2015; n=65; median time since stroke 19.7 months (range 0.4-94); mean age 52.8 + 11.6 years) Measures of predictive validity for the 5 item version (EQ-5D-5L):
Measures of concurrent validity for EQ-Index, EQ-VAS and individual dimension of EQ-5D
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(Golicki et al, 2015; n=112; mean age 70.6 (SD=11.0); patients assessed at 1 week and 4 months post stroke with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Barthel Index (BI) and both the EQ-5D-5L and EQ-5D-3L, including the EQ-VAS. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between change scores of studied measures:
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Chen et al, 2015; n =65; mean age 52.8 + 11.6; median months since stroke onset 19.7 (range 0.4 – 94) Measures of responsiveness for the 5 item version (EQ-5D-5L):
(Golicki et al, 2015; n=112; mean age 70.6 (SD=11.0); patients assessed at 1 week and 4 months post stroke with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Barthel Index (BI) and both the EQ-5D-5L and EQ-5D-3L, including the EQ-VAS. ES calculated as the ratio of the mean change to the Standard Deviation of initial measurement
SRM calculated as the ratio of the mean change to the Standard Deviation of that change
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Bell, K. R., Temkin, N. R., et al. (2005). "The effect of a scheduled telephone intervention on outcome after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: a randomized trial." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 86(5): 851-856.
Brazier, J., Jones, N., et al. (1993). "Testing the validity of the Euroqol and comparing it with the SF-36 health survey questionnaire." Qual Life Res 2(3): 169-180.
Chen, P., Keh-Chung L., et al. (2015). “Validity, responsiveness and minimum clinically important difference of EQ-5D-5L in stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation.” Qual Life Res. DOI 10.1007/s11136-015-1196-z. Golicki D., Niewada M., et al. (2015). “Comparing responsiveness of the EQ-5D-5L, EQ-5D-3L and EQ VAS in stroke patients.” Qual Live Res 24:1555-1563. |
Klose, M., Watt, T., et al. (2007). "Posttraumatic hypopituitarism is associated with an unfavorable body composition and lipid profile, and decreased quality of life 12 months after injury." J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92(10): 3861-3868.
van Agt, H. M., Essink-Bot, M. L., et al. (1994). "Test-retest reliability of health state valuations collected with the EuroQol questionnaire." Soc Sci Med 39(11): 1537-1544.
Wilde, E. A., Whiteneck, G. G., et al. (2010). "Recommendations for the use of common outcome measures in traumatic brain injury research." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 91(11): 1650-1660 e1617.
We have reviewed more than 500 instruments for use with a number of diagnoses including stroke, spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury among several others.