To provide clinicians with a way “...to assess functional status as a measurement of the client’s ability to perform activities of daily living independently” in adults in diverse settings. (Wallace, M. & Mason, V., 2007).
6
5 or more minutes
Length of time is variable dependent upon client’s ability to perform the 6 tasks (White, 2011)
Adult
18 - 64
yearsElderly Adult
65 +
yearsInitial review completed by Brianna Peterson and Jessica Donovan, December 2016. Reviewed and revised by Allison Peipert, 2017.
This assessment can be used to define a client's level of function that can be easily understood across professionals and disciplines. This assessment only measures basic ADLs and does not provide any information regarding higher level ADLs and IADLs, this also causes a ceiling effect. There is also some debate over the hierarchy of ADLs proposed by Katz, as well as the inability of the scale to capture a client’s need for little assistance versus substantial assistance.
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(Wallace, M & Shelky, M. 2008)
0-6 total points possible
Residents in Skilled Nursing facilities: (Gerrard, P. , 2013; n=13,507)
Hierarchy of difficulty of 6 items from least difficulty to greatest difficulty:
Turkish Older Adults: (Arik et al., 2015; n=36 interviewed twice in one week)
Turkish Older Adults: (Arik et al., 2015)
Nursing Home Residents (Spector 1991)
Turkish Older Adults: (Arik et al., 2015)
Nursing Home Residents: (Gerrard, P. 2013)
(Spector 1991)
Predictive Validity:
Older Adults 2 years post hospitalization: (Katz, 1970)
Greek older adults with cancer: (Mystakidou et al., 2013; n=40)
Greek older adults with cancer: (Mystakidou et al., 2013; n=90)
Greek older adults with cancer: (Mystakidou et al., 2013; n=90)
Arik, G., Varan, H. D., Yavuz, B. B., Karabulut, E., Kara, O., Kilic, M. K., ... Cankurtaran, M. (2015). Validation of Katz index of independence in activities of daily living in Turkish older adults. Archives Of Gerontology And Geriatrics, 61(3), 344-350.
Asberg KH, Sonn U. (1989) The cumulative structure of personal and instrumental ADL: a study of elderly people in a health service district. Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine 21, 171–177.
Asberg, K. H., & Nydevik, I. (1990). Early prognosis of stroke outcome by means of Katz Index of activities of daily living. Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine, 23(4), 187-191.
Beloosesky, Y., Grinblat, J., Epelboym, B., Weiss, A., Grosman, B., & Hendel, D. (2002). Functional gain of hip fracture patients in different cognitive and functional groups. Clinical rehabilitation, 16(3), 321-328.
Brorsson, B., Asberg, K. H. (1983). Katz index of independence in ADL. Reliability and validity in short-term care. Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine, 16(3), 125-132.
Caba?ero-Martínez, M. J., Cabrero-García, J., Richart-Martínez, M., & Mu?oz-Mendoza, C. L. (2009)., 49(1), e77-e84.
de Rekeneire, N., & Volpato, S. (2015). Physical function and disability in older adults with diabetes. Clinics in geriatric medicine, 31(1), 51-65.
Ferretti-Rebustini, Renata Eloah de Lucena, Balbinotti, Marcos Alencar Abaide, Jacob-Filho, Wilson, Rebustini, Flávio, Suemoto, Claudia Kimie, Pasqualucci, Carlos Augusto Gon?alves, Farfel, José Marcelo, Leite, Renata Elaine Paraizo, Grinberg, Lea Tenenholz, & Nitrini, Ricardo. (2015). Validity of the Katz Index to assess activities of daily living by informants in neuropathological studies. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, 49(6), 944-950.
Gerrard, P. (2013). The Hierarchy of the Activities of Daily Living in the Katz Index in Residents of Skilled Nursing Facilities. Journal Of Geriatric Physical Therapy, 36(2), 87-91.
Gresham, G., Phillips, T., Labi, M. (1980) ADL status in stroke: relative merits of three standard indexes. Archive Physiological Medical Rehabilitation, 61 (8)355.
Katz, S., Downs, TD., Cash, HR., Grotz, RC.(1970). Progress in development of the index of ADL. Gerontologist, (10) 20–30.
Katz, S., Ford, A. B., Moskowitz, R. W., Jackson, B. A., & Jaffe, M. W. (1963). Studies of illness in the aged: the index of ADL: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. Jama, 185(12), 914-919.
Shelkey, M. & Wallace, M. (2012) Katz index of independence in activities of daily living (ADL). The Hartford Institute of Geriatric Nursing 2, 1-2.
Mystakidou, K., Tsilika, E., Parpa, E., Mitropoulou, E., Panagiotou, I., Galanos, A., & Gouliamos, A. (2013). Activities of daily living in Greek cancer patients treated in a palliative care unit. Supportive Care in Cancer, 21(1), 97-105.
Rockwood, K., Stolee, P., Fox, R. (1993) Use of goal attainment scaling in measuring clinically important change in the frail elderly. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , 46 (8) 1113.
Spector, W., Takada, H.,(1991) Characteristics of nursing homes that affect resident outcomes. Journal of Aging Health (3) 427–54.
Thomas, V. S., Rockwood, K., & McDowell, I. (1998). Multidimensionality in instrumental and basic activities of daily living. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 51(4), 315-321.
White, D. K., Wilson, J. C., & Keysor, J. J. (2011). Measures of adult general functional status: SF‐36 Physical Functioning Subscale (PF‐10), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (MHAQ), Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and Osteoarthritis‐Function‐Computer Adaptive Test (OA‐Function‐CAT). Arthritis care & research, 63(S11), S297-S307.
We have reviewed more than 500 instruments for use with a number of diagnoses including stroke, spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury among several others.