ÄÛBÑо¿Ôº

Multiple Sclerosis: (Rietberg, 2010; n= 43; ambulatory patients with MS (mean age 48.7 years; SD 7 years; 30 women; median Expanded Disability Status Scale score 3.5) 

• Smallest Detectable Change (SDC) = 16.2
• Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) % = 19.3%

Multiple Sclerosis: (Tellez et al, 2005; 231 MS patients and 123 healthy controls, 164 patients with relapsing-remitting, 47 with secondary progressive, 12 with primary progressive) 

• Median MFIS score= 33.0 (range 0-82) 

Multiple Sclerosis: (Rietberg, 2010; n= 43; ambulatory patients with MS (mean age 48.7 years; SD 7 years; 30 women; median Expanded Disability Status Scale score 3.5) 

• Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC =0.85)

Multiple Sclerosis: (Amtmann et al, 2012; n=1271 individuals with MS living in the community, 80% female, 36.2% reported being employed 20 or more hours a week; mean age 50.7, mean disease duration 13.2 years, MS severity as minimal (EDSS¡Ü4.0) for 32.4% and intermediate (EDSS 4.5-6.5) for 47.9% and advanced (EDSS¡Ý7.0) for 19.7%) 

• Excellent reliability: Cronbach¡¯s alpha = 0.94-0.96 for total MFIS

Multiple Sclerosis: (Kos et al, 2005)

• MFIS has been found to show change after intervention. 
• After a 4©\week rehabilitation program, the MFIS did change, but the FSS did not.

Concurrent validity:

Multiple Sclerosis: (Rietberg, 2010; n= 43; ambulatory patients with MS; mean age 48.7 years; SD 7 years; 30 women; median Expanded Disability Status Scale score 3.5)

• Excellent: MFIS vs. Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS): r = 0.66; MFIS vs. the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS20R): r = 0.54 

Multiple Sclerosis: (Tellez et al, 2005; (231 MS patients and 123 healthy controls, 164 patients with relapsing-remitting, 47 with secondary progressive, 12 with primary progressive)

• Excellent: between MFIS and FSS (r=0.68, p<0.0001)
• Adequate to Excellent: between MFIS subscale and FSS
  • MFIS-physical: r=0.75, p<0.0001
  • MFIS-cognitive: r=0.44, p<0.0001
  • MFIS-psychosocial: r= 0.62, p<0.0001 

Multiple Sclerosis: (Mills et al, 2010; n=415)

• Given the Rasch analysis, Mills et al. suggested that the physical and cognitive subscales should be used separately eliminating questions 4, 14, 17 from the physical and questions 1©\3, 5, and 11. In addition, the authors suggest the total score not be used.

Multiple Sclerosis: (Amtmann et al., 2012; n=1271 individuals with MS living in the community, 80% female, 36.2% reported being employed 20 or more hours a week. Mean age 507, mean disease duration 13.2 years, MS severity as minimal (EDSS¡Ü4.0) for 32.4% and intermediate (EDSS 4.5-6.5) for 47.9% and advanced (EDSS¡Ý7.0) for 19.7%)

• Validity: Spearman Rank Correlation Fatigue Severity Scale to MFIS:
  • Excellent for MFIS total and subscales of physical and psychosocial (0.69-0.77) 
  • Adequate for MFIS cognitive subscale
• IRT analyses indicate that the FSS is less precise in measuring both low and high levels of fatigue, compared with the MFIS. 
• For those interested in measuring both physical and cognitive aspects of fatigue, and whose sample is expected to have higher levels of fatigue, the MFIS is a better choice even though it is longer.

Multiple Sclerosis: (Amtmann et al., 2012; n=1271 individuals with MS living in the community, 80% female, 36.2% reported being employed 20 or more hours a week; mean age 50.7, mean disease duration 13.2 years, MS severity as minimal (EDSS¡Ü4.0) for 32.4% and intermediate (EDSS 4.5-6.5) for 47.9% and advanced (EDSS¡Ý7.0) for 19.7%) 

• Floor effects: (number of respondents with the lowest possible score)
  • MFIS total= 1.1% 
  • MFIS-phy=1.6%
  • MFIS-cog=2.7%
  • MFIS-psychosocial=7.4% 
• Ceiling effect: (number of respondents with the highest possible score)
  • MFIS total= 0.7%
  • MFIS-phy=1.6%
  • MFIS-cog=0.9%
  • MFIS-psychosocial=9.0%

Traumatic Brain Injury: (Sendroy-Terrill et al., 2010, n=243, 73% men, less than 5% of participants unconsciousness of < 1 day, 41 % showed LOC 1 day to 1 week, 31 % LOC from 1 week to 1 month, 24% had LOCs from 1 month to 1 year. Recived treatment in a comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation hospital. Cohorts based on years postinjury (1 to >30 years)) 

• Mean for total MFIS= 23.7¡À21.1

• Mean for MFIS - Physical= 10.2¡À9.6

• Mean for MFIS - Cognitive=11.4¡À10.4

• Mean for MFIS - Psychosocial= 2.0¡À2.0

Predictive Validity:

Traumatic Brain Injury: (Sendroy-Terrill et al., 2010, n=243, 73% men, less than 5% of participants unconsciousness of < 1 day, 41 % showed LOC 1 day to 1 week, 31 % LOC from 1 week to 1 month, 24% had LOCs from 1 month to 1 year. Recived treatment in a comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation hospital. Cohorts based on years postinjury (1 to >30 years))

• MFIS-physical: with each additional decade of age at time of injury, there was a 2 point increase on the MFIS-physical score (P=.02)
• MFIS-psychosocial: with each additional decade of age at time of injury, there was a 0.5 point increase (P=.01)