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Acquired brain injury: (Jackson et al, 1998, n=15 rehabilitation inpatients, 11 TBI, 3 stroke, 1 multi-trauma, mean age=42.2(26.3), total of 75 O-Log scores)

• SEM for individual items = 0.114 - 0.459
• SEM for total score = 0.637

Traumatic brain injury: (Novack et al, 2000; n=68 patients with moderate to severe TBI; mean age 39.8; mean time since injury 26 days; 554 total O-Log observations)

• A score of 25 or better is associated with normal orientation, comparable to a 75 or better on the Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test (GOAT)

Traumatic brain injury: (Alderson et al, 2002; n=389 individuals with primarily moderate to severe TBI, mean age 39.4 (17.9)) 

• Data below were collected prospectively on serial tests of a subgroup of 90 and applied to the larger sample to develop templates for orientation recovery.

Acquired brain injury: (Jackson et al, 1998) 

• Excellent interrater reliability (ICC=.993 total, individual items .851-1.0)

Acquired brain injury: (Jackson et al, 1998) 

• Excellent internal consistency of place, time and situation components (ICC=.806, .865 and .834)
• Excellent internal consistency (ICC= .922)

Concurrent validity: 

Traumatic brain injury: (Novack et al, 2000)

• Excellent correlation between GOAT and O-Log scores (r=.90) and estimation of PTA duration (r=.99) using a cut-off score of >75 for the GOAT and 25 or better for O-Log 

Traumatic brain injury: (Kean et al, 2011; n=90 inpatients with TBI; mean age=48.25(18.87) years; mean time since injury=23.79 (14.1) days); 257 ratings total) 

• Excellent correlations for raw scores (r=.901) and estimates of duration of PTA (r=.99) for O LOG and GOAT

Predictive validity: 

Traumatic brain injury: (Novack et al, 2000)

• Adequate predictive validity of minimum O-Log score with rehabilitation discharge FIM score (r=.575) 

Traumatic Brain Injury: (Alderson et al, 2002; n=229 from pool of 389; primarily moderate to severe TBI who were disoriented at inpatient rehabilitation admission, mean age 41.3 (18.6) years) 

• Initial O-log, time since injury and number of O-log assessments predicted resolution of disorientations for 76.4% of sample

Traumatic Brain Injury: (Dowler et al, 2000; n=60 individuals with moderate to severe TBI; mean age 31.3(13.6)years; mean time since injury=6 months (SD=4 weeks)) 

• Poor to adequate but significant correlation between minimum rehabilitation O-Log score and Community Integration Questionnaire score (r=.395) and Disability Rating Scale scores (r=-.295) at 12 months post-injury. 
• Poor to adequate but significant correlations between minimum O-Log scores in rehabilitation and neuropsychological tests (r=-.295-.395).

Traumatic Brain Injury: (Frey et al, 2007; n=83 inpatients with TBI; mean age 47.4 (20.4) years) 

• PTA determined by O-Log demonstrated better prediction of rehabilitation outcomes than GOAT 

Traumatic Brain Injury:

• Excellent correlation of O-Log score to admission total FIM score (r=0.783) and adequate correlation to GCS score (r=.434) (Novack et al, 2000)
• O-log scores of 25 or greater were associated with significantly higher DRS and FIM scores (Alderson et al, 2002)
• Adequate correlation with O-Log and GOAT (r=0.72). (Frey et al, 2007) 

Aquired Brain Injury: (Penna and Novack, 2007; n=45 inpatients with acquired brain injury, including TBI, CVA, brain tumor; mean age 39.7 (18.5) years)

• Excellent correlation with MMSE (r=.65) and Cog-Log (r=.75)

Traumatic Brain Injury: (Kean et al, 2011) 

• Rasch analysis of O-Log results were below criterion level of person separation (reliability coefficient of .72), only able to determine 1 or 2 strata of patients. Authors suggest that O-Log is insufficient to capture the complexity of cognitive issues in TBI recovery, suggest combining it with other instruments.